Category: Health

Dog disease that can jump to humans is spreading in Britain

A dog disease that can jump from canines to humans is now spreading between dogs in Britain for the first time, the Telegraph understands.

Brucella canis is a disease that leads to infertility in dogs and is incurable and was previously only seen in imported animals.

But Dr Christine Middlemiss, chief veterinary officer at the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, told the Telegraph there is now evidence some dogs are catching the infection in the UK.

It is not considered endemic due to low numbers and all the British dogs that caught Brucella canis had either mated with an imported dog, had contact with a pregnant imported dog, or are the offspring of an import.

“We have had spread of a case in the UK to another dog in the UK. It is through breeding in kennels,” she said.

“There is not a lot – there is very little. But that is new for us.”

A Human Animal Infection and Risk Surveillance Group report, published on Monday will reveal the risk to the public to be very low, and low for breeders.

However, there is growing concern around the disease as two people caught it this year from dogs and the number of human tests by the NHS has doubled.

Government scientists are understood to be gathering information on the possibility of implementing a screening protocol at the border to stop infected animals making their way to Britain.

Brucella canis is endemic in some parts of the world, including Eastern Europe, with Romania a hotspot for infected animals coming to the UK.

“There is no statutory requirements on import testing at the moment. We are gathering the evidence, various risk assessments are contributing to that evidence and we will consider it,” Dr Middlemiss said.

‘I do advise pre-import testing’

“I do advise at the moment that voluntary testing, pre-import testing, is a really sensible thing to do. If you’re bringing dogs in to breed then it would absolutely make sense to pre-import screen those dogs.”

The report’s advice to people with affected dogs has not changed, with euthanasia still the only option available to definitely stop the spread of onward transmission. The decision also still lies with the owner, a bone of contention for vets and owners who were hoping for more clarity.

Dr Middlemiss said euthanasia is still the only reliable way to ensure there is no risk of spread as antibiotics, even multiple courses for long periods, are not guaranteed to eradicate all the infection.

But a Brucella canis positive result is not a definite death sentence, with hope for infected dogs such as Albus and Spencer, the potentially infected guide dogs who were put in quarantine despite concerns their tests were false positives.

She suggested owners, vets and doctors should look at a range of factors to determine the best course of action.

“It is very difficult to set blanket black and white advice,” she said.

“For some people [euthanasia] might not be the right advice and they’ve got to take into account their personal circumstances.

“For me, I don’t have a dog at the moment, but the last dog I had was a UK dog, not in contact with others, if it was in contact it was under controlled conditions. I don’t have children. I’m not breeding dogs. There is a low risk of spread.

“But if you were a breeder of dogs and you end up having [a case] and you have multiple kennels, maybe lots of people have to look after them, then I think their circumstances are different.

High rate of false positives

“People’s risk appetite around that may be different, and it’s acceptable for it to be different. It would not be right for us to dictate an acceptable risk level to them. They have to work through that as an owner with their vet.”

There has been concern over a high rate of false positives, with as many as one in 50 positive cases erroneously deemed to be infected.

Dr Middlemiss said the issues were with some of the components used in the assay not being up to scratch, not the test itself, which is done at the Animal and Plant Health Agency headquarters in Weybridge.

“My advice would be for the vet, in cases where people are still concerned [about false positives], to speak directly to the disease and testing experts at Weybridge. They’re the best people to speak to in order to get advice on cases,” she said.

“For lots of tests you do not necessarily get a black and white answer, it is on a spectrum. We take into account the circumstances of the animals, the epidemiology and so on.

“And so, where people have any doubt I would advise vets to speak directly to disease colleagues at Weybridge.”

Child health: More focus needed on earliest years, urges WHO

A new progress report launched on Thursday by UN agencies highlights the need to step up investment in nurturing care – especially in the poorest and most fragile countries.

The report from the World Health Organization (WHO) and Children’s Fund UNICEF find that the first years of a child’s life provide “irreplicable opportunities to improve lifelong health, nutrition and well-being” according to a press release.

It tracks progress against the global Nurturing care framework, which provides guidance on supporting the healthy physical, intellectual, and emotional development of young children.

Protecting development

This framework promotes an integrated approach to early childhood development, covering nutrition, health, safety and security, early learning, and responsive caregiving as essential areas for interventions.

“Early childhood development provides a critical window to improve health and well-being across life with impacts that resonate even into the next generation,” said Dr. Anshu Banerjee, Director of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing at WHO.

“While this report shows encouraging progress, greater investment is needed in these foundational early years so that children everywhere have the best possible start for a healthy life ahead.”

A child’s early experiences have a profound impact on their overall health and development.

They affect health, growth, learning, behaviour and, ultimately, adult social relationships, well-being, and earnings. The period from pregnancy to the age of three is when the brain develops fastest, with over 80 per cent of neural development happening during this time, said WHO.

Expanding commitment

According to the report, government efforts overall to boost early childhood development have increased since the framework was launched five years ago.

Close to 50 per cent more countries have developed related policies or plans, and services have expanded.

In a recent rapid survey, more than 80 per cent of responding countries reported training frontline workers to support families in providing early learning activities and responsive caregiving.

Children and caregivers

Increased investments are needed to scale up services and demonstrate impact, especially among vulnerable populations. Ensuring adequate support for children with developmental difficulties and addressing caregiver psychosocial wellbeing are also key, according to the report.

“To improve the health of children, we must not only focus on meeting their immediate physical needs, but also ensure they are able to learn effectively, and develop positive, emotionally rewarding relations with people around them,” said Dr. Bernadette Daelmans, Head of Child Health and Development at WHO.

Cohesive efforts are needed with dedicated financing, across a range of different sectors, the report notes, including health, education, sanitation, and protection services.

Family-friendly policies supporting equitable access to affordable, high-quality childcare are also important.

 

 

(WHO News)

Why are mosquito-borne diseases becoming increasing risk in Europe?

Mosquitoes that carry viruses like dengue and chikungunya have moved into new parts of Europe, increasing the risk of illness, top experts warn.

   European scientists say more frequent heatwaves and flooding, and longer, warmer summers, have created more favourable conditions for the bugs.

They are calling for better measures to control and protect against mosquitoes. Without these, more illness and deaths from mosquito-borne diseases are likely, they say.

The report, by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), tracks the spread of different species of mosquitoes that can carry and transmit a number different of viruses to humans.

These include dengue and Zika – which can cause a range of symptoms such as fevers and muscle aches, and in the worst cases make people extremely ill.

The ECDC report suggests this year, the Aedes albopictus mosquito (known to carry dengue and chikungunya) “established” itself in 13 countries in Europe – meaning it has developed a self-sustaining population that is reproducing – compared with eight European countries a decade ago.

Meanwhile, last year, Aedes aegypti, which can spread diseases such as yellow fever, Zika and West Nile virus, became established in Cyprus, and scientists warn it may continue to spread to other countries.

‘Invasive species’

According to the report, in 2022: there were 1,133 human cases of West Nile virus and 92 deaths, with the majority of cases acquired in Europe – the highest since the peak of about 1,548 cases in 2018; cases were reported in Italy, Greece, Romania, Germany, Hungary, Croatia, Austria, France, Spain, Slovakia and Bulgaria; 71 cases of locally acquired dengue were recorded in mainland Europe – equivalent to the total number reported between 2010 and 2021; cases of dengue were seen in France and Spain.

Andrea Ammon, ECDC director, said: “In recent years we have seen a geographical spread of invasive mosquito species to previously unaffected areas in the EU/EEA.

   “If this continues, we can expect to see more cases and possibly deaths from diseases such as dengue, chikungunya and West Nile fever.

“Efforts need to focus on ways to control mosquito populations, enhancing surveillance and enforcing personal protective measures.”

Experts recommend eliminating standing water sources where mosquitoes breed and using eco-friendly larvicides, alongside increasing awareness of the personal measures people can take to protect themselves.

These include: using insecticide-treated bed nets sleeping in air-conditioned rooms using window screens wearing clothes that cover most of the body using mosquito repellent.

The ECDC says it is “essential” that healthcare workers and the public have a greater awareness of the different diseases transmitted by mosquitoes.

Dengue (spread by mosquitoes that bite during the day) can cause a fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pain, and a blotchy rash.

   The number of cases has grown around the world in recent decades. It is endemic in more than 100 countries in Africa, the Americas, South and South East Asia, and the Western Pacific region.

Most cases of West Nile virus do not cause symptoms, but when people fall ill the virus can cause headaches, severe tiredness, muscle aches, vomiting, rashes and eye pain.

Older people and people with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of a form of the illness that affects the brain and can be fatal.

The most common symptoms of chikungunya virus are fever and joint pain, alongside headaches, muscle pain and rashes.

 

 

Culled from BBC.co.uk

The European Drug Report 2023: Trends, Developments

This report is based on information provided to the EMCDDA by the EU Member States, the candidate country Türkiye, and Norway, in an annual reporting process.

The drug situation in Europe up to 2023

This analysis draws on the latest data available to provide an overview of the current situation and emerging drug issues affecting Europe, with a focus on the year up to the end of 2022. The analysis presented here highlights some developments that may have important implications for drug policy and practitioners in Europe.

Read: https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/european-drug-report/2023/drug-situation-in-europe-up-to-2023_en

Drug supply, production and precursors

An analysis of the supply-related indicators available on the commonly used illicit drugs in the European Union suggests that availability remains high across all substance types. On this page, you can find an overview of drug supply in Europe based on the latest data, supported by the latest time trends in drug seizures and drug law offences, together with 2021 data on drug production and precursor seizures.

Read: https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/european-drug-report/2023/drug-supply-production-and-precursors_en

Cannabis

Cannabis remains by far the most commonly consumed illicit drug in Europe. On this page, you can find the latest analysis of the drug situation for cannabis in Europe, including prevalence of use, treatment demand, seizures, price and purity, harms and more.

Read: https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/european-drug-report/2023/cannabis_en

Cocaine

Cocaine is, after cannabis, the second most commonly used illicit drug in Europe, although prevalence levels and patterns of use differ considerably between countries. On this page, you can find the latest analysis of the drug situation for cocaine in Europe, including prevalence of use, treatment demand, seizures, price and purity, harms and more.

https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/european-drug-report/2023/cocaine_en

Synthetic stimulants

Amphetamine, methamphetamine and, more recently, synthetic cathinones are all synthetic central nervous system stimulants available on the drug market in Europe. On this page, you can find the latest analysis of the drug situation for synthetic stimulants in Europe, including prevalence of use, treatment demand, seizures, price and purity, harms and more.

Read: https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/european-drug-report/2023/synthetic-stimulants_en

MDMA

MDMA is a synthetic drug chemically related to the amphetamines, but with somewhat different effects. In Europe, MDMA use has generally been associated with episodic patterns of consumption in the context of nightlife and entertainment settings. On this page, you can find the latest analysis of the drug situation for MDMA in Europe, including prevalence of use, seizures, price and purity and more.

Read: https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/european-drug-report/2023/mdma_en

Heroin and other opioids

Heroin remains Europe’s most commonly used illicit opioid and is also the drug responsible for a large share of the health burden attributed to illicit drug consumption. Europe’s opioid problem, however, has evolved over the last decade in ways that have important implications for how we respond to problems in this area. On this page, you can find the latest analysis of the drug situation for heroin and other opioids in Europe, including prevalence of use, treatment demand, seizures, price and purity, harms and more.

Read: https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/european-drug-report/2023/heroin-and-other-opioids_en

New psychoactive substances

The market for new psychoactive substances is characterised by the large number of substances that have appeared in this area and that new compounds continue to be detected each year. On this page, you can find an overview of the drug situation for new psychoactive substances in Europe, supported by seizure data and information from the EU Early Warning System on substances detected for the first time in Europe. New substances mentioned include synthetic cannabinoids, hexahydrocannabinol, synthetic cathinones, new synthetic opioids, benzimidazole opioids.

Read: https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/european-drug-report/2023/new-psychoactive-substances_en

Other drugs

Alongside the more well-known substances available on illicit drugs markets, a number of other substances with hallucinogenic, anaesthetic, dissociative or depressant properties are used in Europe: these include LSD, hallucinogenic mushrooms, ketamine, GHB and nitrous oxide. On this page, you can find the latest analysis of the situation regarding these substances in Europe, including seizures, prevalence and patterns of use, treatment entry, harms and more.

Read: https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/european-drug-report/2023/other-drugs_en

Injecting drug use

Despite a continued decline in injecting drug use over the past decade in Europe, this behaviour is still responsible for a disproportionate level of health harms. On this page, you can find the latest analysis of injecting drug use in Europe, including key data on prevalence at national level and among clients entering specialised treatment, as well as insights from studies on syringe residue analysis and more.

Drug-related infectious diseases
People who inject drugs are at risk of contracting infections through the sharing of drug use paraphernalia. On this page, you can find the latest analysis of drug-related infectious diseases in Europe, including key data on infections with HIV and hepatitis B and C viruses.

Read: https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/european-drug-report/2023/drug-related-infectious-diseases_en

Drug-induced deaths

Drug-induced deaths are those that are directly attributable to the use of drugs. On this page, you can find the latest analysis of drug-induced deaths in Europe, including key data on overdose deaths, substances implicated and more.

Read: https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/european-drug-report/2023/drug-induced-deaths_en

Opioid agonist treatment

Opioid users represent the largest group undergoing specialised drug treatment, mainly in the form of opioid agonist treatment. On this page, you can find the latest analysis of the provision of opioid agonist treatment in Europe, including key data on coverage, the number of people in treatment, pathways to treatment and more.

Read: https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/european-drug-report/2023/opioid-agonist-treatment_en

Harm reduction

Harm reduction encompasses interventions, programmes and policies that seek to reduce the health, social and economic harms of drug use to individuals, communities and societies. On this page, you can find the latest analysis of harm reduction interventions in Europe, including key data on opioid agonist treatment, naloxone programmes, drug consumption rooms and more.

Read: https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/european-drug-report/2023/harm-reduction_en

 

This report is a summary of a comprehensive one published on:

https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/european-drug-report/2023_en

 

The purpose of the current report is to provide an overview and summary of the European drug situation up to the end of 2022. All grouping, aggregates and labels therefore reflect the situation based on the available data in 2022 in respect to the composition of the European Union and the countries participating in EMCDDA reporting exercises. However, not all data will cover the full period. Due to the time needed to compile and submit data, many of the annual national data sets included here are from the reference year January to December 2021.

Analysis of trends is based only on those countries providing sufficient data to describe changes over the period specified. The reader should also be aware that monitoring patterns and trends in a hidden and stigmatised behaviour like drug use is both practically and methodologically challenging. For this reason, multiple sources of data are used for the purposes of analysis in this report.

Although considerable improvements can be noted, both nationally and in respect to what is possible to achieve in a European level analysis, the methodological difficulties in this area must be acknowledged. Caution is therefore required in interpretation, in particular when countries are compared on any single measure.

Caveats relating to the data are to be found in the online Statistical Bulletin, which contains detailed information on methodology, qualifications on analysis and comments on the limitations in the information set available. Information is also available there on the methods and data used for European level estimates, where interpolation may be used.

People in England are no longer legally required to wear face.

As stated on the UK Government website ”In England, face coverings are no longer required by law.
The government suggests that you continue to wear a face covering in crowded and enclosed spaces where
you may come into contact with other people you do not normally meet.
These changes apply to England only”.
The British prime minister Boris Johnson also said the government intended to end the legal requirement for people who test positive for Covid to self-isolate.
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The current regulations around self-isolation expire on 24 March. The Prime Minister further said he expected not to renew them then and suggested that date could be brought forward if the data allows.

“Embrace Medication, Cancer Is Not a Death Sentence” – Dr. Goodluck Jonathan

Former Nigerian President, Goodluck Jonathan on Tuesday counseled victims of cancer in Nigeria not to see the disease as a death sentence but rather embrace early medical solutions to overcome it.

Dr. Goodluck, who said this while speaking at the 28th Annual Lift Above Poverty Organisation (LAPO) Forum in Abuja, also advised the Federal Government to join forces together with the private sector to address cancer challenges in the country.

According to him, as more stakeholders are allowed to key into homegrown solutions to the menace of cancer, there will be an uptick in awareness and pooling of resources to effectively manage the disease.

The ex-President said, though it was true that about 70 percent of cancer deaths occur in Africa, late detection and referral for treatment, as well as poor access to treatment were responsible for the high mortality rate in low and middle income countries, including Nigeria.

Former President Goodluck Jonathan on Tuesday counseled victims of cancer in Nigeria not to see the disease as a death sentence but rather embrace early medical solutions to overcome it.

Jonathan, who said this while speaking at the 28th Annual Lift Above Poverty Organisation (LAPO) Forum in Abuja, also advised the Federal Government to join forces together with the private sector to address cancer challenges in the country.

According to him, as more stakeholders are allowed to key into homegrown solutions to the menace of cancer, there will be an uptick in awareness and pooling of resources to effectively manage the disease.

The ex-President said, though it was true that about 70 percent of cancer deaths occur in Africa, late detection and referral for treatment, as well as poor access to treatment were responsible for the high mortality rate in low and middle income countries, including Nigeria.

“These delays in diagnosis and proper referrals lead to a situation where a high percentage of cancer cases arrive at the point of treatment in advanced stages of the disease when it is difficult to recover from or even manage.

“Cancer management is quite expensive and a technology-dependent endeavour, but homegrown solutions such as the community based LAPO C4 present us with hope.

“But with the required effort and manpower, we can evolve a system that works for our peculiar environment and gives us the best possible outcomes and reduce the possibility of loss of lives,” Jonathan said.
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He, however, added that a strategic awareness campaign will go a long way towards eliminating the fear and misconceptions people generally have that cancer was a death sentence.

Speaking also, the Minister of Health, Dr Osagie Ehanire, commended LAPO for coming up with its C4 (Community Campaign for Cancer Control) initiative to raise awareness about cancer, and pledged to do everything necessary to support the overall objective of the group.

He said: “I like to appreciate LAPO for their investment in community-based cancer prevention programmes as this will promote early detection and treatment culminating in reducing morbidity and mortality and socioeconomic impacts on the communities.

will promote early detection and treatment culminating in reducing morbidity and mortality and socioeconomic impacts on the communities.

“Community-based awareness activities are critical for effective cancer prevention among the low-income earners and members of the target communities. Thus, the project is contributing to creating awareness and encouraging community participation for cancer prevention and control and encouraging community participation for cancer prevention and control.”

“In his remarks, the Founder of LAPO, Dr Godwin Ehigiamusoe, said that the Annual LAPO Development Forum was initiated in 1994 to create a platform to address development issues and challenges which many Nigerians contend with, with a view to proffering innovative and practicable solutions to them.

According to him, the theme of the 28th edition of the Annual LAPO Development Forum which is ‘Promoting Community Based Cancer Control Programme in Nigeria’ was apt.

Ehigiamusoe further said over the years, a number of issues have been addressed in various sessions of the Forum.

“Outcomes of the previous sessions have been very useful to LAPO’s programme development and refinement for the benefits of our beneficiaries who are members of low-income households across Nigeria and Sierra Leone.”

Bill Clinton Continues To Recover

Bill Clinton ‘touched by outpouring of support’ as he continues recovery.

Former US president Bill Clinton has released a video saying he is on the road to recovery after being admitted to hospital in California for six days to treat an infection unrelated to Covid-19.

The 75-year-old, who arrived on Sunday at his home in New York, said in the video that he was glad to be back home and that he was “so touched by the outpouring of support” he received while in hospital last week.

An aide to Mr Clinton said the former president had a urological infection that spread to his bloodstream but was on the mend and never went into septic shock, a potentially life-threatening condition.

Mr Clinton also thanked the doctors and nurses at the University of California Irvine Medical Centre in Orange, California.

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Since Mr Clinton left the White House in 2001, he has faced a number of health scares.

In 2004, he underwent quadruple bypass surgery after experiencing prolonged chest pains and shortness of breath.

He returned to the hospital for surgery for a partially collapsed lung in 2005, and in 2010 he had a pair of stents implanted in a coronary artery.

He responded by embracing a largely vegan diet that saw him lose weight and report improved health.

Queen Elizabeth Reluctantly Agrees To Take A Rest

Queen Elizabeth has “reluctantly accepted medical advice” to rest for a few days, according to a surprise announcement from Buckingham Palace that added the queen’s undisclosed ailment is “not COVID related.”

The statement announced the cancellation of the 95-year-old monarch’s long-planned trip to Northern Ireland. “Her Majesty is in good spirits and is disappointed that she will no longer be able to visit Northern Ireland, where she had been due to undertake a series of engagements today and tomorrow.”

The queen will rest at Windsor Castle, where she has been staying in recent days—and where she hosted maskless politicians including Prime Minister Boris Johnson, senior Biden climate envoy John Kerry, and business leaders including Bill Gates at a reception on Tuesday evening tied to the upcoming COP26 climate summit in Glasgow.
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The queen, who has ruled over the United Kingdom for seven decades, just declined the dubious “Oldie of the Year” award offered by Oldie magazine, which said she sent a friendly letter. “Her Majesty believes you are as old as you feel, as such the Queen does not believe she meets the relevant criteria to be able to accept and hopes you find a more worthy recipient,” reads a letter from her private secretary Tom Laing-Baker to the magazine.

Climate Change Worries Are Making Children ill of Eco-anxiety | MEDICS

Medics warns that climate change worries are making children ill of eco-anxiety: medics warn climate change worries are making children ill

Erupting volcanoes and devastating floods are causing more people to suffer from mental disorders..

Health experts are calling on global leaders to take action on eco-anxiety as rising numbers of children are losing hope about the future of the planet.

From erupting volcanoes to flash flooding, sudden climate change events are leading more people to suffer from depression and anxiety.

Mala Rao and Richard Powell, public health experts from Imperial College London, say that action must be taken now to “create a path to a happier and healthier future”.

In their research, they note that neglecting the effects of increasing eco-anxiety “risks exacerbating health and social inequalities between those more or less vulnerable to these psychological impacts.”

“The climate crisis is an existential threat, and fearfulness about the future cannot be fully tackled until a common united global strategy is put in place to address the root cause, global warming, and to give everyone – especially the young and the most vulnerable communities – the hope of a better future,” they say.

“The best chance of increasing optimism and hope in the eco-anxious young and old is to ensure they have access to the best and most reliable information on climate mitigation and adaptation

“Especially important is information on how they could connect more strongly with nature, contribute to greener choices at an individual level, and join forces with like-minded communities and groups.”

A 2020 survey of child psychiatrists in England showed that more than half – 57 per cent – are seeing children and young people distressed about the climate crisis and the state of the environment, and a recent international survey of climate anxiety in young people aged 16 to 25 showed that the psychological burdens of climate change are “profoundly affecting huge numbers of youngsters around the world.”

Jenny Thatcher, head of youth and families at Friends of the Earth, said it is very concerning.

“The climate emergency is a major source of anxiety for young people right across the globe, which is unsurprising, given how dramatically it will impact their lives,” she told The National.

“We can’t prevent climate change, but we have the power to limit it. Young people are taking to the streets to hold decision-makers and adults to account, challenging us all to show we care about their futures.

“Research tells us our young do not feel heard, which is only fuelling the problem. We can best remedy climate anxiety by ensuring we listen to young people, empower them to take part in collective action, and make decisions with their future in mind.”

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Sarah Cobham, who runs classes to help people suffering with mental health issues at Dreamtime Creative, told The National a number of her members have suffered from eco-anxiety issues.

“I find that eco-anxiety is affecting people on my courses,” she said.

“I have met couples who have decided not to have children because of the state of the planet and one young girl suffers from autism and is terrified about the recent volcanic eruption and is scared she is going to die. I have seen first-hand it is a real problem.

“I have personally experienced it with flooding. The flood table where I live has risen and I live in constant fear of being flooded.”

Research by the National Centre for Social Research found that people in Britain whose homes are damaged by floods and storms are 50 per cent more likely to suffer from problems such as depression or anxiety.

Psychologist Caroline Hickman, who is a member of the Climate Psychology Alliance, has many youngsters as clients who are suffering from eco-anxiety.

She told The National that joining climate cafes and groups has helped them.

“Eco-anxiety is the understandable anxiety we all feel when we think about what is happening to the environment, from the ice caps melting to crops failing,” she said

“It causes anger and frustration, especially when they realise it has been caused by humans and we ought to be able to stop it. Children feel anxious because they care about their future. In some of my cases they cannot eat or sleep and it is affecting their studies.

“In our research we found 56 per cent of children worldwide thought humanity was doomed. I found it very important to tell them that these feelings are healthy and it is because they care.”

Professor Rao has also said that the socioeconomic effects – as yet hidden and unquantified – “will add considerably to the national costs of addressing the climate crisis.”

“The climate emergency is the true health crisis of our time, and our special issue is an urgent call for action and leadership by governments and health professionals around the world,” the BMJ’s editor in chief, Dr Fiona Godlee, said.

“Collectively we must lead by example – driving system change in health care to reduce emissions and waste, advocating for national and international political action, and educating our patients and the public to help safeguard the future of our planet and its people, before it’s too late.”

WHO Staff ‘Job For Sex’ Saga Revealed

‘Heartbroken and horrified’ is the closest expression from the incidence where WHO staff offered women jobs in exchange for sex.

Meanwhile, Health chief vows to take action over sexual abuse that took place during long-running Ebola outbreak in Congo with more than 80 cases of sexual abuse – including nine accounts of rape – which have been identified in a damning report into sexual exploitation perpetrated by World Health Organization staff in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

The report, published on Tuesday, was prompted by an investigation last year by the Thomson Reuters Foundation and The New Humanitarian in which more than 50 women accused aid workers from the WHO and other charities of sexual abuse

Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, head of the WHO, said the report into sexual abuse and exploitation made for “harrowing reading” and he apologised to victims for his organisation’s failings.

He said the abuse was “inexcusable”.

“It is my top priority to ensure that the perpetrators are not excused, but are held to account,” he said.

The abuse was committed by personnel hired locally as well as by members of international teams fighting an Ebola outbreak from 2018 to 2020, where more than 2,000 people died. Perpetrators went all the way from drivers and security personnel up to medical staff.

Some 83 alleged abusers were identified – 21 of whom were WHO staff. Four of these staff members were still working for WHO this month but their contracts have now been terminated, a WHO official said.

The report found “clear structural failures and unpreparedness to manage the risks of incidents of sexual exploitation and abuse”. It also said there was a “perception of impunity” among the abusers.

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The investigators interviewed 63 women and girls, who told how they were offered jobs in exchange for sex.

The youngest victim, Jolianne, who was just 13 at the time of the abuse, told investigators she was selling phone cards at the side of the road when she was approached by a WHO driver offering her a ride home. Instead, he took her to a hotel where she said he raped her, after which she became pregnant.

Another woman, Severine, told how she was invited to a hotel to discuss the possibility of a job on the Ebola response but once in the hotel room she was told she had to have sex with the man to get the job. She refused but said she was then raped.

The report also found that recruitment policies were lax, with little vetting of candidates prior to them being offered jobs.

Dr Matshidiso Moeti, WHO regional director for Africa, said she was “humbled, horrified and heartbroken” by the findings.

Dr Tedros said as director general he takes “ultimate responsibility for the behaviour of the people we employ, and for any failings in our systems that allowed this behaviour.

“And I will take personal responsibility for making whatever changes we need to make to prevent this happening in future.”

However, when questioned by reporters he refused to say whether he would resign or withdraw his nomination for a second term as head of the WHO.

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