African Americans in various fields have historically marked footholds, often leading to social change and economic impact.
In the likes of ; Martin Luther King Jr. an American Christian minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the civil rights movement, Cathay Williams was an African-American soldier who enlisted in the United States Army, Mary Eliza Mahoney was the first African American to graduate from an American school of nursing. Her professionalism helped raise the status and standards of all nurses, especially minorities and also John Robert Lewis American statesman and civil-rights leader who served in the United States House of Representatives, they all contributed to the social, economic development by promoting education, rights, health and community development.
Nominate your reputable African American whose social impact is outstanding.
Distinctive criteria:
He or she must be a visible community builder or professional of integrity and impact.
Reputation Poll International, a leading global reputation-management firm, has released the 2020 list of 100 Most Reputable Africans. The list features 47 women and 53 men from diverse sectors including; Leadership, Entertainment, Advocacy, Education and Business. The selection Criteria are: Integrity, Visibility and Impact.
Very prominent personalities featured in the list include: Ethiopia’s Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed; Nigeria’s Dr. Paul Enenche, South Africa’s Prof. Wiseman L. Nkuhlu, Chancellor of the University of Pretoria and Chairman of Rothschild (SA); Guinean Economist Cellou Dalein Diallo, and Cameroon’s Dr. Vera Songwe, Executive Secretary, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa.
On Governance: the list features 2 African Presidents, one Vice President and policymakers.
On Business: South Africa’s Dr. Precious Moloi-Motsepe, Ethiopia’s Bethlehem Tilahun Alemu and Nigeria’s Folorunso Alakija are featured for their works across the Globe.
On Leadership: Ethiopia’s Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, Sierra Leone’s Yvonne Aki-Sawyerr OBE, Nigeria’s Ngozi Okonjo Iweala and Ghana’s former Vice-Chancellor of University of Cape Coast, Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang
The above luminaries are joined by other great Africans who are celebrated for their Social Impact, as well as Social Entrepreneurship, that are transforming businesses in Africa and affecting lives positively without controversy.
Reputation Poll, known globally for its annual ranking of the 100 Most Reputable People on Earth and Most Reputable CEOs in various countries, is also poised to announce a new set of research on 100 Most Reputable Charity Organizations on earth.
During the announcement of the list by the incoming African Chairperson of the Review and Audit Committee/Member of the Board, Ms. Beldina Auma, Chair Emeritus, World Bank Group-IMF African Society and President of SCIP-International, LLC, made mention of the Organizations’ continued focus and commitment in honouring individuals, organizations and brands that consistently impact lives positively around the world and in Africa.
The UC Board of Regents unanimously approved Drake’s appointment.
“I’m excited and ready to go,” Drake told the board, noting the challenging times amid the pandemic,
the threat of climate change, and “the yawning wounds of social injustice that we see in so many ways that really tears at the fabric of our lives.”
He noted that the UC system is “best equipped worldwide” to be “fully engaged in finding solutions.”
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oard Chairman John A. Pérez said Drake emerged from the 10-month search process as the candidate of choice not only because of his vast experience but also because he reflects UC values to support the “whole student,”
faculty and staff and understands the university’s “transformative power.”
“We’re just lucky to get him to dedicate these next years to continuing to move the university, to fulfill that public
mission, to serve the totality of the state of California in a meaningful way,” Pérez said.
Nigeria’s President Muhammadu Buhari on Monday, 4th May announced the gradual phasing out of the country’s lockdown in Ogun States, Lagos and Abuja.
The Nigerian Presidential Task Force on Coronavirus has urged state governments to ensure that they have isolation facilities in their localities. These facilities should:
Have at least 300 beds;
And be preferably linked to existing infectious disease centres or medical centres (such as tuberculosis and HIV centres), as this makes it easier to continue to make use of them after the pandemic.
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However, any spaces will do, with health minister Osagie Ehanire, saying: “I urge all states to find more beds for isolation and treatment, and this may include hotels.”
Testing
Nigeria’s policy is one of targeted testing. This involves identifying those who are most likely to be infected, namely those who have just come back from other countries and those they have been in contact with.
In terms of contact tracing, the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control has identified between six and seven thousand contacts cumulatively. The focus of last week was to improve the level of contract tracing, made easier by the lockdown.
With contact tracing, each new case tends to have about 30-40 contacts to follow up. Every contact is followed up with for 14 days.
To date, about 30% of all the cases in the country have been found via contact tracing.
Coronavirus hotline
There is also a national coronavirus hotline. Statistics from the Lagos centre shows some problems:
80% of calls received are hoax calls;
11% of calls received are welcomed – they are people asking for information;
9% of the calls are received from members of the community who feel that they might have been infected;
And just 4% of the calls result in a red flag. This means that Lagos State dispatches members of the healthcare service to either test the individual or to bring them to health facilities.
Targets for key areas
Health teams in Abuja and Lagos have five key targets:
To ensure the collection of samples happens within eight hours for people with COVID-19 symptoms;
To ensure that the time taken for testing and for the results to be revealed is less than 24 hours;
To test 200 samples per day in Lagos and 100 per day in Abuja;
To isolate patients in less than six hours after they have tested positive for the virus;
And to isolate every confirmed case.
The success of the state healthcare teams will be measured on each of these indicators, and the observations will be used to improve the effectiveness of response.
Since the easing of the lockdown, over 3,000 new cases has been recorded, we want you to share your thought if you want the federal government of Nigeria to continue with the total lock-down.
Jack Ma is one of those self-made billionaires with humble beginnings. Jack Ma was born in Hangzhou, located in the south-eastern part of China.
He was born and raised along with an elder brother and a younger sister during the rise of communist China and its isolation from the Western regions.
His parents were traditional Musicians-Storytellers and they didn’t make enough to be even considered as middle class during those days.
Former US president Richard Nixon’s visit to Hangzhou in 1972 improved the situation of tourism in his home-town and Jack wanted to make the most
of this opportunity. Jack always wanted to learn English as a kid and he spent his early mornings riding on his bike to a nearby park, giving English tours to foreigners for free. It was then he met a foreign girl who gave him the nickname ‘Jack’ for his name was hard to spell for her.
Jack, after graduating with a Bachelor’s degree in English, worked as an English teacher at Hangzhou Dianzi University with a pay of $12 a month!
Now here comes the part where it gets more interesting, even before he has received that degree and became an English teacher.
Jack Ma as an extremely lucky bloke who just became a billionaire in a snap. But it is safe to know that Rejections are synonymous with Jack Ma. You wouldn’t believe the number of times this man has been rejected and failed.
In his early childhood, Jack Ma Failed in his Primary School examinations, not once, but Twice! He Failed Thrice during his Middle School exams. When applying to universities after his High school, Jack failed the entrance exams thrice, before finally joining Hangzhou Normal University. He even applied and wrote to Harvard University ten times about being admitted – and got rejected each time. This was only during his education!
During and after his Bachelor’s degree Jack tried and failed to get a job at a multitude of places. After spending three years to get into a University, Jack failed to land a job after applying to them 30 times! He recollects in his interview, “When KFC came to China, 24 people went for the job. Twenty-three people were accepted. I was the only guy who wasn’t.” He also one of the 5 applicants to a job in Police force and was the only one getting rejected after being told, best price viagra robertrobb.com Do not easily believe above board promises that these products fall into and what each is supposed to do. What is male erectile dysfunction? Is a bacterial infection or a prophylactic indication is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increases the risk of the development and treatment of a chronic pancreatitis. viagra overnight usa http://robertrobb.com/pounding-flake-over-internet-privacy/sildenafil buy Consumers are becoming increasingly savvy on the differences between spam and permission-based emails, and more and more of them are accepting permission-based e-mail marketing as a positive replacement for direct mail. The longevity of the impact of such medicinal generic in uk viagra drugs lasts up to 4 – 6 hours and enable men to have pleasurable intercourse and satisfy their partner in the bed.
“No, you’re no good.”
After finally coming to terms with all of his rejections and failures, Jack Ma visited US in 1995, for a Government undertaking project related to the building of highways. It was then that Jack Ma was first introduced to the Internet and Computers. Computers were pretty rare in China then, given the high costs associated with them and Internet or E-mails were non-existent. The first word he searched on the Mosaic browser was ‘Beer’, and it popped out results from different countries, but signs of China anywhere. He then searched ‘China’ and not a single result popped out! He decided it was time for China and its people to get on the Internet.
Finally, after persuading 17 of his other friends to invest and join him in his new e-commerce startup – Alibaba, the company began from his apartment. Initially, Alibaba didn’t had a single penny in investment from outside investors, but they later raised $20 Million from SoftBank and another $5 Million from Goldman Sachs in 1999. Building trust among the people of China that an online system of payment and package transfers is safe was the biggest challenge Jack
Ma and Alibaba faced, a challenge that Jack will cherish for his lifetime.
Having started his first successful company at the age of 31 and even after never having written a single line of code or selling something to anyone,
Jack Ma runs one of the biggest E-commerce networks in the world. The company went on to grow rapidly, expanding all across the world, quickly growing out of its
China shell. Only second to Walmart now in terms of sales per year, Alibaba has become the E-commerce giant that Jack Ma has envisioned for it.
The Rothschilds, a prominent Jewish family originating from Germany established banking and finance houses in Europe beginning in the 18th century
with Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744–1812). Rothschild managed to bequeath his wealth and established an international banking family through his five sons, who established businesses in London, Paris, Frankfurt, Vienna, and Naples. The family was elevated to noble rank in the Holy Roman Empire and the United Kingdom.
The family’s documented history starts in 16th century Frankfurt; its name is derived from the family house, Rothschild, built by Isaak Elchanan Bacharach in Frankfurt in 1567.
Pioneers in providing capital for business and financing infrastructure projects, such as railways and the Suez Canal, the Rothschilds molded the way the international world of high finance works today.
Today their interests cover a diverse range of fields, including financial services, real estate, mining, energy, mixed farming, winemaking and nonprofits.
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The honorary award was conferred on him during the Global Peace Summit that was held in London from the 6th to the 7th of December at the Universal Peace Federation building, 43 Lancaster gate, Central London. The host, Justina Mutale Foundation is a London based organisation working to promote and foster empowerment of women globally.
The Global Peace Summit brought together leading Peace Ambassadors, Humanitarians, Philanthropists, Clergy, multi faith religious leaders, decision-makers, statesmen and many others who are working for human prosperity and sustainability for all. The Summit’s main subject of discussion was on peace and social cohesion globally. Mr Ngwenya, now Dr Ngwenya, has been a champion of many humanitarian initiatives in South Africa through his MZ Ngwenya foundation.
The MZ Ngwenya Foundation was established by Dr Robert Mogabe Ngwenya and his wife Zinhle (Mabena) Ngwenya with the aim of transforming the lives of those affected by drug abuse, particularly Nyaope (A popular drug among south African drug addicts). The foundation has popularised the fight against drugs through a concert held annually under the banner #NyaopeMustFall or #JoinTheMovement and is responsible for the rehabilitation of over 200 addicts over the past 4 years and clothing 50 to 100 homeless people on a monthly basis. It is a pillar of community building programs in the North West province and South Africa as a whole.
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A letter from the Good News International University read ;
“As per the recommendation from Ambassador Dr. Alwin Roland Timothy on behalf of the Justina Mutale Foundation, I am pleased to inform you that you have been selected for an Honorary Doctorate Award from the Good News International University. Honorary Doctorates at the Good News University are conferred on individuals whose achievements reflect the values of the University and those individuals that have made a positive impact in their communities and the world at large. Through this Award, our university recognises individuals who have excelled in their chosen field or made a significant contribution to public life. We have received and reviewed your profile and we find your achievements to be very impressive. The Board herewith, expresses its pleasure in awarding you a Doctorate Degree for your exemplary work in serving the international community and outstanding contributions to humanity. “
The award comes at a time where the foundation is working towards building a rehabilitation. Dr Robert Ngwenya has expressed his humble gratitudes for this honour and hopes that this recognition will also unlock more partners and sponsorships allowing the foundation to assist and change more lives.
Leading reputation
management consultancy firm, Reputation Poll International has announced its
2019 publication of the 100 most reputable people on earth.
The list which features
distinguished personalities from all sectors, recognizes leaders who have
maintained a high level of credibility in discharging their duties, and have
kept commendable and exemplary reputation for public emulation.
The list features renowned individuals from diverse sectors such as entertainment, politics, religion, education, philanthropy, business etc. Having assembled diverse connections with over 44 countries across the globe, the reach of the Reputation Poll is expanding daily.
Notable individuals on the list include
renowned Queen Elizabeth II, 92, who is the oldest person to be added to the
list. Our youngest person to be added to the list is Malala malala aged 21.
Statically with an average age of 54, the USA
has the largest share of reputable personalities numbering 25 also with a
representation of 38 females, 1 couple and 61 Males.
During the announcement of the list, the board
made it their duty to mention their continued focus and commitment in honouring
individuals, organisations and brands who consistently impact lives positively
around the world.
Below is the full list arranged
in alphabetical order:
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1.Abigail Johnson – CEO, Fidelity Investments 2.Akinwumi Adesina – President, AfDB 3.Akio Toyoda – President, Toyota Motor Corporation 4.Amal Clooney – Barrister 5.Amina J Mohammed – Deputy Secretary-General, UN 6.Ana Patricia Botin – Executive Chairman, Santander Group 7.António Guterres – Secretary-General, UN 8.Atifete Jahjaga – Former President, Kosovo 9.Bishop Dag Heward-Mills – General Overseer, Lighthouse Chapel 10.Bishop David Oyedepo – General Overseer, Winners Chapel 11.Catharine Drew Gilpin Faus – President, Harvard University 12.Christiane Amanpour – TV Host, CNN 13.Dalai Lama 14.Denise Morrison – Former CEO, Campbell Soup 15.Denzel Washington – Actor 16.Ding Xuedong – CEO, China Investment Corporation 17.Dirk Van de Put – Chairperson, Mondelez International 18.Dr Denis Mukwege – Medical Doctor 19.Dr Judy Dlamini – Chancellor, University of the Witwatersrand 20.Dr Paul Enenche – Senior Pastor, Dunamis 21.Dr. Harbeen Arora – Founder, Women Economic Forum 22.Ed Sheeran – Singer 23.Emma Watson – Actress 24.Eric Thomas – Motivational Speaker 25.Evang. Reinhard Bonnke – General Overseer, Christ for all Nations 26.Gary Vaynerchuk – Motivational Speaker 27.Ginni Rometty – Chairperson, IBM 28.Graça Machel DBE – Co-Founder, Africa Progress Panel 29.Haruhiko Kuroda – Governor, Bank of Japan 30.Helen Clark – Politician, New Zealand 31.Helen Sharman OBE – Astronaut 32.Ian Khama – Former President 33.Ismail Ahmed – CEO, WorldRemit 34.Jacinda Ardern – President, New Zealand 35.Jack Ma – Founder, Alibaba Group 36.Janet Yellen – Economist 37.Jean-Claude Juncker – President, European Commission 38.Jeff Weiner – CEO, LinkedIn 39.Jim Yong Kim – President, World Bank 40.John Legend – Singer 41.John Maxwell – Motivational Speaker 42.Joko Widodo – President, Indonesia 43.Joseph Stiglitz – Economist, Columbia University 44.Juan Manuel Santos – Former President, Colombia 45.Justin Trudeau – President, Canada 46.Justina Mutale – Founder, Justina Mutale Foundation 47.Kailash Satyarthi – Children’s Rights Activist 48.Kenneth Copeland – Televangelist 49.Khaldoon Al Mubarak – MD, Mubadala Development Company 50.Kim Schofield – Member, United States House of Representatives 51.Klaus Schwab – Executive Chairman, World Economic Forum 52.Kumail Nanjiani- Comedian 53.Lei Jun – Founder, Xiaomi Inc 54.Les Brown – Motivational Speaker 55.Liu Qing – President, Didi Chuxing 56.Lubna Suliman Olayan – Businesswoman 57.Ma Huateng – CEO, Tencent 58.Major Mariam Al Mansouri – Pilot 59.Malala Yousafzai – Activist, The Malala Fund 60.Mario Draghi – President 61.Mary Robinson – Politician, Ireland 62.Melinda Gates – Philanthropist, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 63.Michael Bloomberg – Founder, Bloomberg LP 64.Michelle Obama – Former First Lady, United States of America 65.Mo Ibrahim – Founder, Mo Ibrahim Foundation 66.Muhammad Yunus – Founder, Grameen Bank 67.Mukesh Ambani – Chairperson, Reliance Industries Limited 68.Nadia Murad – Human Right Activist 69.Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo – President, Ghana 70.Nancy Pelosi – Minority Leader, United States House of Representatives 71.Narendra Modi – Prime Minister, India 72.Nick Vujicic – Motivational Speaker 73.Nicole Kidman – Actress 74.Noura Al Kaabi – Minister, Culture and Knowledge Development 75.Nuseir Yassin – Vlogger 76.Oprah Winfrey – CEO, Oprah Winfrey Network 77.Paul Kagame – President, Rwanda 78.Paul Romer – Senior Vice President, World Bank 79.Philip Ng Chee Tat – CEO, Far East Organization 80.Pope Francis – Pope, Roman Catholic Church 81.Prince Harry & Meghan 82.Priyanka Joshi – Bio Chemist 83.Queen Elizabeth II 84.Ralph Hamers – CEO, ING Group 85.Rev. Jesse Jackson – Activist 86.Robin Sharma – Motivational Speaker 87.Sahle-Work Zewde – President, Ethiopia 88.Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum – Prime Minister, UAE 89.Sinach Joseph – Songstress 90.Sinead Burke – Writer 91.Strive Masiyiwa – Executive Chairman, Econet Wireless 92.Sundar Pichai – CEO, Google 93.Tatsumi Kimishima – Businessman 94.Tim Cook – CEO, Apple 95.Tony Robbin – Motivational Speaker 96.Wang Jianlin – CEO, Dalian Wanda Group 97.Warren Buffett – Executive Chairman, Berkshire Hathaway 98.Winnie Byanyima – Executive Director, Oxfam International 99.Xi Jinping – President, China 100.Zuzana Čaputová – President, Slovakia
More detailed
information about the Reputation Poll 2019 100 Most Reputable People on Earth
is available on www.event.reputationpoll.com
John Davison Rockefeller Sr. was an American oil industry business magnate, industrialist, and philanthropist. He is widely considered the wealthiest American of all time.
Rockefeller’s wealth soared as kerosene and gasoline grew in importance, and he became the richest person in the country, controlling 90% of all oil in the United States at his peak. Oil was used throughout the country as a light source until the introduction of electricity, and as a fuel after the invention of the automobile. Furthermore, Rockefeller gained enormous influence over the railroad industry which transported his oil around the country.
Standard Oil was the first great business trust in the United States. Rockefeller revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy, along with other key industrialists such as steel magnate Andrew Carnegie.
The Supreme Court ruled in 1911 that Standard Oil must be dismantled for violation of federal anti-trust laws. It was broken up into 34 separate entities which included companies that became ExxonMobil, Chevron Corporation, and others, some of which still have the highest level of revenue in the world.
Individual pieces of the company were worth more than the whole, as shares of these doubled and tripled in value in their early years, and Rockefeller became the country’s first billionaire with a fortune worth nearly 2% of the national economy.
His peak net worth was estimated at US$409 billion (in 2018 dollars; inflation-adjusted) in 1913.
The figure 409 billion assumes a 2% share of US GDP in 2016. His personal wealth, 900 million in 1913, more than 2% of US GDP of 39.1 billion that year was worth 21 billion dollars in 2016 adjusted for inflation (by 1937 the Rockefeller fortune was 1.4 billion or 1.5% of GDP of 92 billion).
Rockefeller spent the last 40 years of his life in retirement at his estate in Westchester County, New York. His fortune was mainly used to create the modern systematic approach of targeted philanthropy through the creation of foundations that had a major effect on medicine, education, and scientific research.
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Rockefeller was also the founder of the University of Chicago and Rockefeller University and funded the establishment of Central Philippine University in the Philippines. He was a devout Northern Baptist and supported many church-based institutions. He adhered to total abstinence from alcohol and tobacco throughout his life. For advice, he relied closely on his wife Laura Spelman Rockefeller with whom he had five children. He was a faithful congregant of the Erie Street Baptist Mission Church, taught Sunday school, and served as a trustee, clerk, and occasional janitor. Christianity was a guiding force throughout his life and he believed it to be the source of his success.
Rockefeller is largely remembered simply for the raw size of his wealth. In 1902, an audit showed Rockefeller was worth about $200 million—compared to the total national GDP of $24 billion then.
Davison Rockefeller, Sr. was one of the wealthiest people in American history. Even as his wealth grew, he gave a portion of his earnings to various charities.
Rockefeller passed away on May 23, 1937, in Ormond Beach, Florida. His legacy, however, lives on: Rockefeller is considered one of America’s leading businessmen and is credited for helping to shape the U.S. into what it is today. In 2016 the Rockefeller family were regarded as the richest family in the United States of America.
Justice Department summary of Robert Mueller report.
As a supplement to the notification provided on Friday, March 22, 2019, I am writing today to advise you of the principal conclusions reached by Special Counsel Robert S. Mueller and to inform you about the status of my initial review of the report he has prepared. The Special Counsel’s Report On Friday, the Special Counsel submitted to me a “confidential report explaining the prosecution or declination decisions” he has reached, as required by 28 C.F.R. § 600.8(c). This report is entitled “Report on the Investigation into Russian Interference in the 2016 Presidential Election.” Although my review is ongoing, I believe that it is in the public interest to describe the report and to summarize the principal conclusions reached by the Special Counsel and the results of his investigation. The report explains that the Special Counsel and his staff thoroughly investigated allegations that members of the presidential campaign of Donald J. Trump, and others associated with it, conspired with the Russian government in its efforts to interfere in the 2016 U.S. presidential election, or sought to obstruct the related federal investigations. In the report, the Special Counsel noted that, in completing his investigation, he employed 19 lawyers who were assisted by a team of approximately 40 FBI agents, intelligence forensic accountants, and other professional staff. The Special Counsel issued more than 2,800 subpoenas, executed nearly 500 search warrants, obtained more than 230 orders for communication records, issued almost 50 orders authorizing use of pen registers, made 13 requests to foreign governments for evidence, and interviewed approximately 500 witnesses. The Special Counsel obtained a number of indictments and convictions of individuals and entities in connection with his investigation, all of which have been publicly disclosed. During the course of his investigation, the Special Counsel also referred several matters to other offices for further action. The report does not recommend any further indictments, nor did the Special Counsel obtain any sealed indictments that have yet to be made public. Below, I summarize the principal conclusions set out in the Special Counsel’s report. Russian Interference in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election. The Special Counsel’s report is divided into two parts. The first describes the results of the Special Counsel’s investigation into Russia’s interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. The report outlines the Russian effort to influence the election and documents crimes committed by persons associated with the Russian government in connection with those efforts. The report further explains that a primary consideration for the Special Counsel’s investigation was whether any Americans including individuals associated with the Trump campaign joined the Russian conspiracies to influence the election, which would be a federal crime. The Special Counsel’s investigation did not find that the Trump campaign or anyone associated with it conspired or coordinated with Russia in its efforts to influence the 2016 U.S. presidential election. As the report states: “[T]he investigation did not establish that members of the Trump Campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities.” The Special Counsel’s investigation determined that there were two main Russian efforts to influence the 2016 election. The first involved attempts by a Russian organization, the Internet Research Agency (IRA), to conduct disinformation and social media operations in the United States designed to sow social discord, eventually with the aim of interfering with the election. As noted above, the Special Counsel did not find that any U.S. person or Trump campaign official or associate conspired or knowingly coordinated with the IRA in its efforts, although the Special Counsel brought criminal charges against a number of Russian nationals and entities in connection with these activities. The second element involved the Russian government’s efforts to conduct computer hacking operations designed to gather and disseminate information to influence the election. The Special Counsel found that Russian government actors successfully hacked into computers and obtained emails from persons affiliated with the Clinton campaign and Democratic Party organizations, and publicly disseminated those materials through various intermediaries, including WikiLeaks. Based on these activities, the Special Counsel brought criminal charges against a number of Russian military officers for conspiring to hack into computers in the United States for purposes of influencing the election. But as noted above, the Special Counsel did not find that the Trump campaign, or anyone associated with it, conspired or coordinated with the Russian government in these efforts, despite multiple offers from Russian-affiliated individuals to assist the Trump campaign. Obstruction of Justice. The report’s second part addresses a number of actions by the President most of which have been the subject of public reporting that the Special Counsel investigated as potentially raising obstruction-of-justice concerns. After making a “thorough factual investigation” into these matters, the Special Counsel considered whether to evaluate the conduct under Department standards governing prosecution and declination decisions but ultimately determined not to make a traditional prosecutorial judgment. The Special Counsel therefore did not draw a conclusion one way or the other as to whether the examined conduct constituted obstruction. Instead, for each of the relevant actions investigated, the report sets out evidence on both sides of the question and leaves unresolved what the Special Counsel views as “difficult issues” of law and fact concerning whether the President’s actions and intent could be viewed as obstruction. The Special Counsel states that “while this report does not conclude that the President committed a crime, it also does not exonerate him.” The Special Counsel’s decision to describe the facts of his obstruction investigation without reaching any legal conclusions leaves it to the Attorney General to determine whether the conduct described in the report constitutes a crime. Over the course of the investigation, the Special Counsel’s office engaged in discussions with certain Department officials regarding many of the legal and factual matters at issue in the Special Counsel’s obstruction investigation. After reviewing the Special Counsel’s final report on these issues; consulting with Department officials, including the Office of Legal Counsel; and applying the principles of federal prosecution that guide our charging decisions, Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein and I have concluded that the evidence developed during the Special Counsel’s investigation is not sufficient to establish that the President committed an obstruction-of-justice offense. Our determination was made without regard to, and is not based on, the constitutional considerations that surround the indictment and criminal prosecution of a sitting president. In making this determination, we noted that the Special Counsel recognized that “the evidence does not establish that the President was involved in an underlying crime related to Russian election interference,” and that, while not determinative, the absence of such evidence bears upon the President’s intent with respect to obstruction. Generally speaking, to obtain and sustain an obstruction conviction, the government would need to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that a person, acting with corrupt intent, engaged in obstructive conduct with a sufficient nexus to a pending or contemplated proceeding. In cataloguing the President’s actions, many of which took place in public view, the report identifies no actions that, in our judgment, constitute obstructive conduct, had a nexus to a pending or contemplated proceeding, and were done with corrupt intent, each of which, under the Department’s principles of federal prosecution guiding charging decisions, would need to be proven beyond a reasonable doubt to establish an obstruction-of-justice offense. Status of the Department’s Review The relevant regulations contemplate that the Special Counsel’s report will be a “confidential report” to the Attorney General. See Office of Special Counsel, 64 Fed. Reg. 37,038, 37,040-41 (July 9, 1999). As I have previously stated, however, I am mindful of the public interest in this matter. For that reason, my goal and intent is to release as much of the Special Counsel’s report as I can consistent with applicable law, regulations, and Departmental policies. Based on my discussions with the Special Counsel and my initial review, it is apparent that the report contains material that is or could be subject to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure which imposes restrictions on the use and disclosure of information relating to “matter[s] occurring before grand jury.” Fed. R. Crim. P. 6(e)(2)(B) Rule 6(e) generally limits disclosure of certain grand jury information in a criminal investigation and prosecution. Id. Disclosure of 6(e) material beyond the strict limits set forth in the rule is a crime in certain circumstances. See, e.g. 18 U.S.C. 401(3). This restriction protects the integrity of grand jury proceedings and ensures that the unique and invaluable investigative powers of a grand jury are used strictly for their intended criminal justice function. Given these restrictions, the schedule for processing the report depends in part on how quickly the Department can identify the 6(e) material that by law cannot be made public. I have requested the assistance of the Special Counsel in identifying all 6(e) information contained in the report as quickly as possible. Separately, I also must identify any information that could impact other ongoing matters, including those that the Special Counsel has referred to other offices. As soon as that process is complete, I will be in a position to move forward expeditiously in determining what can be released in light of applicable law, regulations, and Departmental policies.
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As I observed in my initial notification, the Special Counsel regulations provide that “the Attorney General may determine that public release of” notifications to your respective Committees “would be in the public interest.” 28 C.F.R. § 600.9(c). I have so determined, and I will disclose this letter to the public after delivering it to you. Sincerely, William P. Barr Attorney General.
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