Tag: CoronaVirus

Maria Branyas: ‘Oldest woman in Spain’ beats coronavirus at 113

A 113-year-old woman – believed to be the oldest woman in Spain – has recovered from the coronavirus, officials have said.

Maria Branyas was diagnosed with Covid-19 after the country went into lockdown in March.

But after weeks in isolation, Ms Branyas recovered, having suffered only mild symptoms.

It means she has lived through the flu pandemic of 1918-19, the 1936-39 Spanish Civil War and the coronavirus.

Born in Mexico in 1907, she moved north to San Francisco two years later and arrived in the Catalan province of Girona during World War One with her Spanish journalist father. She raised three children – one of whom recently turned 86 – has 11 grandchildren – the oldest of whom is 60 – and 13 great-grandchildren.

She has lived for two decades at a care home in the city of Olot.

How police won hearts with cakes, songs and sacrifice

Inspector Munish Pratap Singh was about to finish his shift around 22:00 when a helpless father called him with an unusual request.

“Could you please get a birthday cake for my son? It’s his birthday and he is really sad,” the father said.

Insp Singh is not used to dealing with such requests, but these are no ordinary times.

All shops were shut in his area, but he called a baker he knew and – luckily – a cake was available.

“The happiness on the boy’s face made everything worthwhile. My team and I forgot how tired we were,” he says.

Insp Singh is not alone among his colleagues with such a simple act of kindness. Many other officers in India have delivered birthday cakes to children and the elderly, given food to the homeless and provided essential medicines to those in need.

They have also been seen singing popular Bollywood songs on loudspeakers to motivate and entertain people. Videos of such gestures have gone viral on social media and in many places, people have showered flower petals on policemen.

It is all very different from a few months ago, when allegations of excessive force, corruption and human rights abuses dogged India’s police force.

But these heart-warming tales of kindness during the coronavirus pandemic are only half the story: behind them are more hidden stories of determination, duty and sacrifice, making the policemen “frontline warriors” of India’s battle against coronavirus.

They are doing a range of jobs: enforcing the lockdown, contact tracing, manning check-points, providing security at high-risk zones like hospitals, quarantine centres and containment zones, and – importantly – calming people’s fears about coronavirus.

But they were never trained for this, says Vikram Singh, former police chief of India’s most populous state, Uttar Pradesh.

“They were trained for maintaining law and order,” he says, but never for managing a pandemic and understanding medical safety protocols.

“So in that sense, they are doing a great job, often against great challenges,” he adds.

And the main challenge is their exposure to the number of people they meet – specially lower-rank officers who are out in the field.

More than 1,000 policemen have tested positive in Maharashtra state and at least four have died. In Delhi, there are more than 100 cases of infection among policemen, and a 31-year-old constable has died.

He has left behind a wife and a young son, who have also tested positive. Similar reports have come from other Indian states as well.

The fear of infection is real, says Insp Singh, but sometimes the methods used to stop the spread also cause problems.

Take the containment zones, set up in areas where more than one case is reported. Insp Singh has several in his area in Noida – a suburb of Delhi – and it falls to his officers to make sure no one enters or leaves.

It requires careful handling.

“People become jaded because of living in a containment zone and some of them end up arguing with the police – but we have to stay calm.

“My men also fear the infection, but nobody thinks of not doing the job – it’s a fight we can’t turn our backs on,” he adds.

“But I would be lying if I say that we are not scared.”

Many policemen are also staying away from family to ensure they don’t pass on the infection in case they are infected and asymptomatic.

Constables Vikrant Rana and Pankaj Chaudhary, who have not seen their families for more than two months, try to hold back tears while showing the photos of their family members on their mobile phones.

“I know policemen are supposed to be tough, but we are also humans and we also long to meet our families. I pray we win this war soon,” Constable Rana says.

I meet constable Dhruv Tomar at another check-point in Noida. He has not seen his one-year-old twins since February.

“I can’t stop thinking about them, but I won’t meet them anytime soon. We stop hundreds of cars and bikes every day to check, and we have no idea who is carrying the infection,” he says.

“At least medical teams mostly know what they are dealing with. We are mostly dealing with the unknown.”

They wear masks and gloves, but standing for eight hours on the streets in scorching heat wears them out.

That is why they need to be given shorter shifts, says Gopal Hosur, former inspector-general of police in Karnataka state.

He says the psychological impact of the pandemic on policemen can’t be ignored and senior police officers have to ensure the constabulary is being looked after.
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“One way of doing this is for senior officers to be out in the field and meet field teams regularly, which gives the message that they are not alone in this fight.”

Mr Hosur also believes that anonymous consular help should also be provided to officers.

Neeraj Jadaun, superintendent of police in rural Ghaziabad district, agrees with the suggestion.

“I meet most members of my team every day and listen to their problems. We are in this for the long haul and it’s important that the entire force works as a team,” he adds.

Another unintended consequence of police’s work has been the growing trust between the police and the public.

Allegations of using excessive force, corruption and human rights abuse against the police are not uncommon in India.

India has had one of the strictest lockdowns in the world, and policemen were given sweeping powers to enforce it.

In some cases, they abused these powers and beat up people. There have also been allegations of policemen harassing small shopkeepers and vendors.

But Mr Singh says those are stray incidents. “Overall, people have rally begun to trust and even admire the policemen,” he adds.

So what has changed the equation?

Mr Hosur acknowledges that there has always been a trust deficit between the police and the public.

But the pandemic, he says, has helped the police to show their human side.

“Policemen have become the first point of contact for anybody in distress. They are working long hours and there is an amazing sense of service and solidarity,” he says.

He says no ambiguity in orders from politicians has also helped.

“Policemen often have to tread a fine line because of constant political pressure. But this time, their mission is clear and there is no interference,” he adds.

But will this growing trust last?

Jacob Punnose, the former top cop of Kerala state, says he is “cautiously optimistic”.

He says the pandemic is not getting over anytime soon. “So it will be interesting to see for how long this new idea of community policing lasts,” he says.

Police in India deal with high crime rates in most states, and they have to frequently deal with law and order situations and also provide security to VIPs.

They are also chronically under-staffed. One report says there are 144 police officers for every 100,000 citizens.

So that leaves little scope for community policing. But Mr Punnose says the pandemic has shown that police and public can work together to overcome any challenge.

“You can see in the body language of policemen – most of them are polite these days, and the public is also reciprocating,” he says.

But the possibility of continuity, he says, depends on senior officers.

“They have to learn important lessons from the pandemic and prepare a police force for the future.”

Mr Singh goes a step further.

He argues that managing pandemics should now be included as a study subject for senior officers.

“We were caught unaware this time and we have done well so far. But we may not get this luxury the next time, so we need to be prepared.”

And if we don’t do it, he adds, things will go back to how they were.

“And all the handwork and sacrifices will mean nothing. We have earned this trust with great difficulty and we should not let that go easily.”

Young Japanese wrestler dies of coronavirus

A 28-year-old Japanese sumo wrestler infected with the virus has died, the Japan Sumo Association (JSA) has announced, the first in the sport to fall victim to the virus.

Shobushi, whose real name is Kiyotaka Suetake, died from multiple organ failure caused by the virus.

He had been the first sumo wrestler to test positive for the virus on 10 April, said Kyodo News.

His condition quickly worsened and he entered intensive care nine days later.

“I can only imagine how hard it must have been, battling illness for over a month, but like a wrestler he endured it bravely and fought the disease until the end,” JSA Chairman Hakkaku told Kyodo News.

“I just want him to rest peacefully now.”

According to a report by Yomiuri News, around 1,000 members of the JSA will have to undergo a virus antibody test – the first large-scale testing event to be held in the Japanese sporting world.

Last month, the JSA announced that a stablemaster and five other sumo wrestlers had tested positive for the virus.

‘A wonderful young wrestler’

Shobushi first suffered from a 38C fever on 4 April.

His stablemasters – highly respected sumo coaches – have said they initially struggled to get through to the public health office on the phone, or to get a hospital to treat him.

He was eventually admitted to hospital in Tokyo on 8 April, after his fever would not subside and he started coughing blood. A virus test came back negative.

The next day, his condition worsened and he was transferred to another hospital.

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On 10 April, he finally tested positive for the virus. Nine days after this, his condition deteriorated and he was brought into intensive care.

On Wednesday, the 28-year-old died in hospital at midnight. It is not known if he suffered from any underlying health conditions.

According to Yomiuri quoting the health ministry, Shobushi is likely the first person in their 20s to have died from the virus in Japan. A large majority of virus victims in Japan are above age of 50 .

Shobushi, who made his professional debut in 2007, ranked 11th in the sport’s fourth-tier division, known as Sandanme.

Tributes have now poured in for the young wrestler.

“He was a wonderful young wrestler. Rest in peace,” said one commenter on Twitter.

We must not forget that no matter how young or strong you are, you could die from the coronavirus,” another said.

Another questioned whether or not he might have survived if he had got help quicker.

A Reuters report earlier this week found that more than 90% of hospital beds secured for Covid-19 in Tokyo had already been occupied. It quoted Japan’s Health Ministry as saying that 1,832 beds were already full, out of a maximum 2,000 beds.

Japan has recorded 15,968 virus cases and 657 deaths.

Doctors in Japan had earlier last month warned the medical system could collapse amid a new wave of cases.

UK economy shrinks at fastest pace

The UK economy shrank at the fastest pace since 2008 in the first three months of the year as coronavirus forced the country into lockdown.

The Office for National Statistics said the economy contracted by 2% in the three months to March, following zero growth in the final quarter of 2019.

The decline was driven by a record fall in March, and reflects just one full week of lockdown.

Analysts expect a bigger economic slump in the current quarter.

This is the first official growth estimate since the government introduced social distancing measures at the end of March.

Ruth Gregory, senior UK economist at Capital Economics, said the figures showed the UK economy was “already in freefall within two weeks of the lockdown going into effect”.

She added: “With the restrictions in place until mid-May and then only lifted very slightly, April will be far worse.”

While analysts expected a larger quarterly decline of 2.6% in the first three months of the year, it still represents the biggest contraction since the end of 2008, when Lehman Brothers collapsed.

The ONS said there had been “widespread” declines across the services, manufacturing and construction sectors.

This includes a record 1.9% fall in services output, which includes retailers, travel agents and hotels.

It added: “This is the largest quarterly contraction since the global financial crisis and reflects the imposing of public health restrictions and voluntary social distancing put in place in response to the Covid-19 pandemic”.

Opening up

The figures come as some of the lockdown restrictions are starting to be eased. Some employees in England who cannot work from home are now being encouraged to return to their workplaces.

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Sectors “allowed to be open, should be open”, the government says. These include food production, construction and manufacturing.

In other developments, estate agents in England can now reopen, viewings can take place and removal firms and conveyancers can re-start operations, so long as social-distancing and workplace safety rules are followed.

On Tuesday, Chancellor Rishi Sunak announced an extension of the furlough scheme subsidising wages to the end of October.

While the scheme was “expensive”, he told the BBC that the cost to society of not doing it would be “far higher”.

France and Italy saw much bigger contractions of 5.8% and 4.7% respectively in the first quarter, where lockdowns were imposed up to two weeks earlier.

However, analysts expect a double-digit drop in UK gross domestic product (GDP) in the coming quarter.

The Bank of England has warned that the UK economy is likely to suffer its sharpest recession on record this year, even if the lockdown is completely lifted by the end of September.

While the Bank said the economy could shrink by 14% in 2020, it expects the downturn to be short and sharp, with growth of 15% predicted in 2021.

The decline is also expected to be less prolonged than during the financial crisis, when the economy shrank for five consecutive quarters.

It also took five years to get back to the size it was before the meltdown.

The Bank of England expects the UK economy to rebound more quickly this time, returning to its pre-crisis size within two years.

Why some countries wear face masks and others don’t

Step outside your door without a face mask in Hong Kong, Seoul or Tokyo, and you may well get a disapproving look.

In recent weeks, many European nations have issued advisories to wear a mask in certain public settings, and in England the latest advice is to wear a face covering in “enclosed spaces where social distancing is not always possible”, such as public transport and some shops.

Several US states have also given similar advice, and even the White House now makes it compulsory for all staff to wear face masks – though President Donald Trump still refuses to wear one.

Many people are still not wearing masks despite official advice though, and some governments remain unconvinced about the science.

Why some people embrace masks while others shun them is not just about government directives and medical advice – it’s also about culture and history, a debate over evidence, and even about personal liberties.

The official word on face masks

Since the start of the coronavirus outbreak, the official advice from the World Health Organization has been that only two types of people should wear masks: those who are sick and show symptoms, and those who are caring for people who are suspected to have the coronavirus.

Nobody else needs to wear a mask, and experts have given several reasons for that.

One is that a mask is not seen as reliable protection as other methods, given that current research shows the virus is spread by droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces. So it could protect you, but only in certain situations such as when you’re in close quarters with others where someone infected might sneeze or cough near your face. This is why experts say frequent hand washing with soap and water is far more effective.

Removing a mask requires special attention to avoid hand contamination, and it could also breed a false sense of security where you end up ignoring or forgetting to practice good hygiene.

Yet in some parts of Asia everyone wears a mask by default – it is seen as safer and more considerate.

In mainland China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Thailand and Taiwan, the broad assumption is that anyone could be a carrier of the virus, even healthy people. So in the spirit of solidarity, you need to protect others from yourself.

Some places take this idea very seriously: in some parts of China, you could be arrested or punished for not wearing a mask. In Singapore, which used to discourage citizens from wearing masks, it’s now compulsory to wear one outside or risk a fine of S$300 (£170, $210).

Meanwhile in Indonesia and the Philippines, where there are suspicions that there are many under-reported cases, most people in major cities wear masks to protect themselves from others.

For many of these countries, mask-wearing was a cultural norm even before the coronavirus outbreak. They’ve even become fashion statements – at one point Hello Kitty face masks were all the rage in the street markets of Hong Kong.

In East Asia, many people are used to wearing masks when they are sick or when it’s hay fever season, because it’s considered impolite to be sneezing or coughing openly.

The 2003 Sars virus outbreak, which affected several countries in the region, also drove home the importance of wearing masks, particularly in Hong Kong, where many died as a result of the virus. So one key difference between these societies and Western ones, is that they have experienced contagion before – and the memories are still fresh and painful.

In some parts of Asia, seasonal air pollution or heavy traffic pollution in crowded cities have also made it pretty normal for people to wear masks outside.

The mask as a social nudge

Some argue that ubiquitous mask wearing, as a very visual reminder of the dangers of the virus, could actually act as a “behavioural nudge” to you and others for overall better personal hygiene.

“Putting on a mask every day before you go out is like a ritual, like putting on a uniform, and in ritual behaviour you feel you have to live up to what the uniform stands for, which is more hygienic behaviour like not touching your face or avoiding crowded places and social distancing,” said Donald Low, a behavioural economist and professor at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.

Then, there’s the idea that every little bit counts in the war the world is waging against the virus.

“We can’t say if face masks are ineffective, but we presume they have some effect because that’s the protection we give to healthcare workers,” said Benjamin Cowling, an epidemiologist with Hong Kong University.
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“If face masks are used on a lot of people in crowded areas, I think it would have some effect on public transmission, and at the moment we’re looking for every small measure we can to reduce transmission – it adds up.”

But there are down sides of course. Some places such as Japan, Indonesia and Thailand have faced shortages, and South Korea has had to ration out surgical masks.

There is the fear that people may end up re-using disposable masks, which is unhygienic, or use inferior masks sold on the black market. Japan and Singapore have since given out reusable masks to its citizens.

People who do not wear masks in these places have also been stigmatised, to the point that they are shunned and blocked from shops and buildings.

In Hong Kong, some tabloids have splashed pictures on their covers of Westerners not wearing masks and congregating in groups in the city’s nightlife district, and criticised expatriates and tourists for not taking enough precautions.

But the discrimination works both ways.

In places where mask wearing is still not the norm despite government advisories, those who do wear masks have been shunned or even attacked. It hasn’t helped that many of these mask wearers are Asians.

In the US, it’s become an issue of personal freedoms, with some arguing that making everyone wear face masks infringes on civil liberties. The city of Stillwater in Oklahoma was forced to soften a mask law to an advisory after threats of violence, while a Michigan security guard was killed after he barred a shopper who didn’t have a mask from entering a store.

But those societies that do advocate everyone wearing a mask may have a point and increasingly, experts are now questioning the official WHO advice.

Undocumented cases

Firstly, there is some emerging evidence that there are more “silent carriers”, or healthy people with the virus who show little or no symptoms, than experts initially thought.

In China, it is estimated that a third of all positive cases show no symptoms, according to classified Chinese government data seen by the South China Morning Post.

On the Diamond Princess, the cruise ship that docked in Yokohama, about half of the more than 600 positive cases found onboard were found to have no symptoms. A similar proportion of asymptomatic cases has been reported in Iceland.

The prevailing belief has been that because these people do not exhibit symptoms, they are not very contagious. But some are questioning this now.

A recently published study of cases in China found that “undocumented cases of infection”, or those with either mild or no symptoms, were significantly contagious and could have been responsible for nearly 80% of positive virus cases.

Meanwhile a Hong Kong study estimates that up to 44% of virus transmission from an infected person can happen before that person starts showing any symptoms.

So does that mean if everyone wore a mask, these silent carriers wouldn’t turn into spreaders?

The jury is still out on this issue, with various studies proving and disproving the effectiveness of a mask in stopping transmission of the coronavirus. This is why some places have so far held back from mask laws and advisories, such as New Zealand which successfully controlled its outbreak and is holding back on advising citizens to wear masks because of the lack of scientific consensus and clinical trials.

Research is ongoing, and future studies will no doubt add nuance to the overall picture.

The face mask may be a product of recent history, experience with contagion, and cultural norm. But as this pandemic evolves, along with evidence and research, our behaviour may change again.

Coronavirus: Five footballers test positive in Spain

Five players have tested positive for coronavirus across Spain’s top two divisions, La Liga has said.

The unnamed players are all asymptomatic and are now in isolation.

They will continue to be tested and can only rejoin training when they return two consecutive negative results.

La Liga started testing players last week as part of the protocols in place for training to resume and elite football in Spain to get going again behind closed doors in June.

A number of clubs, including Barcelona, started individual training last week.

Spain has been one of the worst hit countries in Europe with 26,621 deaths and 224,390 infections as of 10 May.

Elsewhere in Europe this weekend:

  • A third player from Premier League side Brighton tested positive for coronavirus
  • Bundesliga 2 side Dynamo Dresden put their entire squad and coaching staff into two-week isolation after two players tested positive for coronavirus
  • Three players from Portuguese top-flight side Vitoria Guimaraes tested positive

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How to work from home comfortably

Not everyone has home offices. But there are still ways to help your body avoid strain with these expert ergonomics tips.

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“You can’t be productive when you’re in pain.”

That’s what Susan Hallbeck says – she’s a doctor and the president of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Ergonomics is the study of how humans interact with the physical systems in their environment: how, for example, we sit at our desks for eight hours a day at work. And how if we don’t do it correctly, it can lead to physical problems and pain.

Now that we’re in the thick of the global Covid-19 pandemic, with hundreds of millions of people abruptly forced to work from home, it’s an urgent topic. Many of us are finding ourselves hunched over laptops on sofas or beds, perched on hard dining room chairs or subjecting our arms and wrists to ill-placed keyboards. For most of us, gone are the days when well-designed offices took care of all these problems for us.

So as we wash our hands and stay isolated to repel the coronavirus, how can we make sure we’re not subjecting our bodies to a different hazard caused by bad work-from-home habits? Here are the top ergonomic tips for working from home, whether it’s during a pandemic or not.

Treat your home like an office

Good ergonomic habits take practice no matter the setting, but it’s especially hard in this current situation. Perhaps, at first, your office said staff would be working remotely for a week or two, so you simply grabbed your laptop and left. That might’ve been okay for a little while – but at this point you might be asking yourself, “it’s been a month and a half, and my elbow is really starting to hurt”, says Hallbeck. “What’s up with that?”

The Covid-19 pandemic has had many of us abruptly working from home, even if we don’t have a home office or additional tech equipment (Credit: Getty Images)

It’s because we’re not in an office setting, which is much more likely to have the ergonomic bases covered: a computer monitor that’s at or slightly below eye level and an arm’s length away, a chair that supports your lower back and access to a mouse, which is better for your wrist than a trackpad. That’s one of the challenges we face with the pandemic, Hallbeck says. “People really didn’t think they were going to be gone for so long.”

But there are improvements you can make; if you didn’t have a bespoke home office pre-Covid, take the time to invest in accessories: a mouse, a good office chair and a standalone keyboard or monitor. If you can’t afford all those extra electronics, items lying around your house can help. If you have a standalone keyboard, for example, you can use a stack of books to raise your laptop to the right height, with the keyboard below it.

You can’t be productive when you’re in pain – Susan Hallbeck

“The critical issue is to separate the keyboard from the monitor so you can get your monitor at the right line of sight: eye level or slightly below. Then adjust your keyboard or input device so that your elbow angle is around 90 degrees,” says Hallbeck, to provide proper forearm support and keep your wrists in a neutral posture.

The point here, and with all ergonomics, is to avoid what Hallbeck calls “microtraumas”: the tiny strains we put on our joints and muscles that may be invisible now, but will come back to bite us later with long-term ailments like muscular and skeletal disorders: carpal tunnel syndrome, inflamed tendons, muscle strains or finger, shoulder and back injuries.

The goal is to replicate the best ergonomics setup possible, even if you’re working from home away from the office (Credit: Mayo Clinic)

Prepare for good posture

One issue at the moment is that many of us may be sitting at the kitchen or dining room table as we take Zoom calls or draft emails. The problem here? Dining room tables may well be the same height as office desks, but dining room chairs often sit lower than office chairs, plus you can’t adjust the height – bad news for your forearms against those hard table edges. Hallbeck says just take a small towel or washcloth “and double it up under your arms so you don’t have that pressure point”.

And if you’re sitting in one of those hard wooden chairs, Hallbeck recommends sticking a small pillow behind you at your waist to provide easy lumbar support. Make sure your back is against the chair, shoulders relaxed, and arms relaxed at 90-degree angles. “Let your furniture do the work,” Hallbeck says.

Posture is key, adds Kirsty Angerer, an ergonomics consultant based in Leicester, England, who says something called “neutral posture” should be our goal.

Aim for “a position of ease for the body to maintain for a prolonged period of time – where the position supports the natural curves of the spine” – Kirsty Angerer

“This is a position of ease for the body to maintain for a prolonged period of time – where the position supports the natural curves of the spine and maintains your body in good alignment,” she says. “A position for the body that you can sustain with minimal effort and [that] gives you biomechanical advantages to do your work.

“When you have set yourself up appropriately in your chair put your hands in your lap comfortably. Where your elbow lands is the same height that you want your table top to be. To check, sit side on to your table; if you have to lift your arm to reach the table top you are too low. You should be able to slide your arm over the table without lifting your shoulder up.”

Make sure to move – including your eyes

It’s not just about your position while you sit, however. Since you’re not in an office, there’s no more walking to the printer or over to talk to a colleague, or popping down the street for lunch.

“Due to everything we need being in much closer proximity, we will naturally be moving less than when we were in the office: it’s now only a few steps to the kitchen, the bathroom, the living room and the bedroom,” says Angerer.

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis – or Neat – refers to those tiny ways we expend energy that don’t fall into the categories of sleeping, eating or sports; think things like walking around an office or even fidgeting or tapping your toes. Studies show that Neat could play a key part in maintaining our energy levels and body weight. In the new work-from-home environment, that means consciously tapping into these activities and making sure to move every 30 minutes – outside is great, but even a different room is suitable. The main goal is that you’re moving intermittently and varying your posture throughout the day to avoid strain.

Don’t forget your eyes, Angerer adds. “Our eyes are a muscle, so they need to move regularly as well,” she says. Every 20 minutes, take your eyes off your screen and focus on something 20ft away for 20 seconds, something which helps avoid eye strain.

 And lighting plays a role, too. If it’s too bright in the room, it may speed up eye strain or give you headaches. If it’s too dull, you may end up in an awkward position as you try to read your screen. “You should have less light above the eyes and more light below the eyes – on the table, across the keyboard and documents,” she says. Avoid sitting right next to a window, which may cause a glare on the computer screen.

Of course, for those locked down in tiny flats or sharing space with roommates, creating a full home office will not be realistic – in fact many people will be working on sofas or on their beds. Hallbeck says that on a bed, use pillows to support your lower back, place a pillow under your thigh[s] to reduce pressure on your lower back, create a tray to put your laptop on, put your monitor slightly below eye level and keep elbow angles at 90 degrees. But ideally, you should really be sitting at a table or desk: “If you can avoid the bed or couch, avoid it,” she says.

Pay attention for pain

The basic idea with these tips is to take small steps to protect your body. It depends on the person, but bad habits in your twenties may not cause real problems until your fifties. Everyone’s body is different, which is why you need to be as conscientious as possible. And if you feel pain, take that as a signal: something clearly isn’t working. “People should pay attention to their bodies,” Hallbeck says.

One of the lasting effects of Covid-19 could be that more companies will allow people to work from home in the future. So being mindful of WFH ergonomics could end up being a skill we’ll use permanently.

“I think companies are going to re-assess what can and can’t be done from home – office space is expensive. I think that’s going to be something that comes out of this pandemic,” Hallbeck says. “A reassessment of what it means to work from home… and what a home office looks like. People are going to have to learn how to set up their ergonomic settings themselves.”

Source: BBC

How ‘secret burials’ in South Africa could help tackle Covid-19

A ban on large funerals in South Africa has forced people to give up many traditions, but they have also rediscovered old ones, including “secret burials”, as the BBC’s Pumza Fihlani reports from Johannesburg.

All it took was one funeral and 40 people were infected with coronavirus.

On 21 March, less than a week after President Cyril Ramaphosa had declared a national state of disaster and banned large gatherings to help contain the spread of coronavirus, around 100 people attended a funeral ceremony in Majola village, Eastern Cape.

The village, which lies in the sleepy rural community of AmaMpondomise, is now the epicentre of the virus in the area. The 21 March funeral, along with two others in the city of Port Elizabeth, account for 200 Covid-19 cases in the province – about a quarter of the total.

‘Defying authority’

Under the current provisions, 50 people are allowed to attend a funeral, but the number is too small for some.

Eastern Cape Health Department spokesperson Sizwe Kupelo says some families have been “defying” the authorities, causing a spike in cases.

“We are gravely concerned about funerals in the province,” Mr Kupelo is quoted as saying by News24.

“We have welcomed submissions made by traditional leaders to the national health minister to have all deceased receive the same treatment; that is, to be transported directly from the mortuary to the cemetery.”

But it is very hard to change these deeply engrained traditions and there are reports that large gatherings for funerals continue.

“Funerals, like weddings and initiation celebrations in traditional communities are important rites of passage, they mark the most important moments in a person’s life,” explains cultural expert Professor Somadoda Fikeni.

“Africans have embedded in their social fabric the issue of social support and human solidarity – community and kinship.”

Everyone pays their respects

For most black South Africans, funerals combine traditional African and Christian elements.

When a family is bereaved, people will travel long distances to attend both the funeral and the days of ritual in the run-up. These include repeatedly visiting the family at home to pay respects and to lend a helping hand with the preparations.

Livestock also needs to be slaughtered in order to feed the anticipated guests, the cooking needs to be done, often at close quarters, and in rural areas, the grave needs to be dug, with people sometimes sharing the same pick and shovel.

Those who attend the ceremonies are not necessarily intimately known to the bereaved family. They could be from the local church, the burial society, or simply a passer-by who hears of the tragedy and wants to show their support.

Everyone is welcome.

‘Transmission belt for virus’

On the day of the funeral, hundreds gather for a church service, sitting in close proximity. When the day’s proceedings are done community members form a human chain to deliver the food to the hundreds who have come to commiserate. And the guests eat together, again in close proximity.

“It’s a transmission for belt for the virus,” warns Mr Fikeni.

In a bid to find an alternative and safer way to bury relatives, AmaMpondomise King Zwelozuko Matiwane issued a ban on all funeral services in his kingdom with the aim of re-introducing the ancient practice of ukuqhusheka, or secret burial.

His spokesperson, Nkosi Bhakhanyisela Ranuga, says the decision was made after consulting local traditional leaders.

“We are trying to protect our people in this pandemic.
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“When following this custom [of ukuqhusheka] this means people are called on to bury either on the same or the next day and with only those who were present at the time of passing,” he tells the BBC.

Cleansing ceremony

The AmaMpondomise kingdom runs across four towns, Qumbu, Tsolo, Ugie and Maclear, and surrounding villages.

“By returning to this ancient practice this would mean only immediate family members will able to bury a person. After the burial, the family would still be able to hold an intimate customary cleansing ceremony when they return from the burial site,” explains Mr Ranuga.

These ceremonies are done through a ritual offering to cleanse the family of a “dark cloud of death”. They are usually private affairs with only close family present.

Image captionFunerals have become much sparser affairs

As well as reducing the risk of spreading coronavirus, some support the return to ukuqhusheka because of how much money families stand to save on funeral costs, especially now when money is tight.

“Families get into huge debt in order to pay for funerals nowadays,” Nosebenzile Ntlantsana, a community leader, says.

“As traditional leaders we often need to intervene in settling disputes between families and service providers when the families cannot pay. It is heart-breaking to see how much pressure there is to have big funerals these days – maybe this practice will help families especially in our communities.”

Funeral services have changed from a near all-day affair to a one-hour service held in the family home where 50 people gather, then a procession of 25 or less to the graveyard.

Rituals helped me cope with loss

But there are things that can be lost in the more hurried burial process that the king wants to return to. These are things that cannot be quantified, like an opportunity for closure.

“Some of the main challenges families share with us about burying during this time is not being able to mourn the way we usually do,” said Siyabulela Jordan, owner of Eastern Cape-based Sinoxolo Funeral Directors.

“All the typical African glory at funerals has been overshadowed by the regulations, the entirety of funerals have changed. The inability to embrace one another because of social distancing is also a factor for them at this time.”

Eight months ago, I lost my mother-in-law, a woman I had great love and respect for.

It was a devastating loss, but we were supported from all sides, even from people who had last seen the 78-year-old when she was a health worker in her 30s. They had heard the news of her passing and needed to come to comfort her children.

And with each passing day, being immersed in the preparations and the scores of well-wishers moving in and out of the house, the elaborate rituals became a gentle nudge towards accepting the unchangeable truth, the permanence of death.

‘Need for counselling’ after restricted funerals

Mr Fikeni says this essential part of the grieving process would need to be factored in to the new arrangements.

“Perhaps there will be a need for a type of counselling for those who’ve been forced by the current circumstances to bid farewell to their loved ones this way.”

But the need to find a new way of conducting funerals is not only a rural problem. In more urban settings where there is limited burial space, officials are worried by the possibility of mass graves.

All these changes point to one thing – that the rich traditions associated with certain aspects of life and death in South African have gone for now.

These are the traditions that emphasised togetherness, the very thing that the virus appears to thrive on.

How lockdown is being lifted across Europe

After almost seven weeks of lockdown in the UK, Prime Minister Boris Johnson has announced the next phase of the country’s response to the coronavirus pandemic.

Across Europe, people are already seeing an easing of lockdown measures, as businesses reopen and children start going back to school. Here is how Europeans are emerging from life under lockdown.

Germany: Shops reopen and football resumes

Germany has begun opening up and control of lifting the lockdown will now be in the hands of Germany’s 16 federal states. But Chancellor Angela Merkel has stressed that an ”emergency brake” will be applied anywhere that sees a surge in new infections.

  • Shops of all sizes are now allowed to reopen, with extra hygiene and social distancing measures
  • Shops smaller than 800 m2 have been allowed to open since 20 April, alongside car dealerships, bicycle shops and bookshops
  • Schools have been partially reopened for young children and those taking exams. All other classes will return gradually throughout the summer term
  • Bundesliga football matches resume behind closed doors on Saturday 16 May – the first big European league to do so
  • Two different households are now allowed to meet up with each other
  • Big public events like festivals are banned until at least the end of August

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France: End to travel permits

France’s strict lockdown was imposed on 17 March and residents were required to provide a travel permit justifying any trips outside. From 11 May, those restrictions will be eased and after three weeks the situation will be reviewed.

  • Residents will no longer have to provide travel certificates , and car journeys within a radius of up to 100km (62 miles) from home will be permitted. Longer trips will require a certificate and during the rush-hour in Paris you will still need your employer’s authorisation or a compelling reason to travel
  • France will be split in two, with four “red zones” including Paris keeping parks, gardens and schools for 11 to 18-year-olds shut
  • Primary schools and nurseries will start to reopen from 11 May, while schools for 11 to 15 year-olds (collèges) in “green zones” open on 18 May. A limit of 15 pupils will be put on classrooms and masks will be compulsory for older children. Schools for 15 to 18-year-olds (lycées) are not opening before June
  • All shops (bar Paris shopping centres) will be able to reopen; leisure centres and cemeteries can reopen but bars and restaurants will remain closed
  • Gatherings of fewer than 10 people will also be permitted; the elderly and vulnerable will be allowed out but must use common sense

Ireland: Five steps and small summer weddings

Ireland has had a stricter lockdown than the UK, with residents only allowed to exercise within 2km (1.2 miles) of their homes. But a five-stage roadmap to re-open the country starts on 18 May, with restrictions eased every three weeks.

  • Schools will remain shut until September, while outdoor workers such as construction workers and gardeners will be allowed to resume activities from May 18
  • Creches and nurseries will open for the children of essential workers from 29 June, and this will be extended to the children of other workers from 20 July. Childcare workers will be sent to the homes of 5,000 essential workers from 18 May
  • Social visits will be permitted to other households from 8 June, and from 29 June, people will be allowed to travel within a 20km radius of their homes
  • Weddings, baptisms and small social gatherings will be allowed from 20 July, but only for family and close friends
  • Shops selling non-essential items can open from 8 June if the number of staff and customers remain small, and larger premises can open from 29 June

Belgium: Four people in your social bubble

Restrictions are slowly being lifted in a country that has seen a high number of deaths in care homes. “We will have to resume our social life very gradually,” said Prime Minister Sophie Wilmès as she detailed Belgium’s exit road-map.

  • As of 10 May, people living in the same household are being allowed to receive visits from a group of up to four people. But these people will not be allowed to visit anywhere else
  • Fabric shops reopened on 4 May, as new regulations require all Belgians aged 12 or over to wear masks on public transport
  • Other shops reopen from 11 May subject to strict adherence to social distancing guidelines
  • Schools will resume classes from 18 May, but no more than 10 children will be allowed in each classroom
  • Cafes and restaurants will start to open from 8 June.

Netherlands: Hairdressers and nail bars back in business

The Netherlands imposed a far less strict lockdown than its southern neighbour. Prime Minister Mark Rutte has unveiled a five-phase plan for easing lockdown restrictions that kicks in from 11 May.

  • Libraries will open to visitors and hairdressers, nail bars, beauticians, masseuses and occupational therapists will be able to go back to work from 11 May. Primary schools will also partially reopen
  • Bars and restaurants will be able to open their outdoor spaces to customers from 1 June; secondary schools will also reopen
  • Public transport services will resume pre-lockdown schedules, provided travellers wear face-masks
  • Campsites and holiday parks can reopen from 1 July, as can theatres, restaurants and cinemas with up to 100 customers with social distancing
  • Larger events and contact sports may resume in September, along with sex clubs and saunas

Austria: Tourist attractions to reopen

Austria was one of the first countries to ease its lockdown. The health minister says the reopening of small shops in the middle of April hasn’t caused a spike in cases, with new infections increasing by just 0.2%. But he said May would be the “decisive month”.

  • Larger shops, shopping centres and hairdressers reopened in early May
  • Public parks, small shops, DIY stores and garden centres have been allowed to open since 14 April
  • Outdoor sport that can be socially distanced, such as tennis, golf and athletics is now allowed
  • Gatherings of up to 10 people have been allowed since the start of May
  • Restaurants and cafes will open from the mid-May, while hotels, zoos, swimming pools and tourist attractions will open from the end of the month
  • Pupils in their final year of school returned to classes at the beginning of May. Other years will start returning from the middle of the month

Denmark: Restrictions eased since mid-April

Denmark, one of the first European countries to announce a lockdown, started to roll back measures in mid-April and is moving ahead with the second phase of its road map.

  • Day care centres and primary schools returned on 14 April, although parents and visitors are not allowed on school premises and children arrive and leave school at different times. Childrenaged 12-16 will return from 18 May, as will exam students
  • Hairdressers, beauty and massage salons, optometrists, podiatrists and chiropractors reopened on 20 April
  • Professional sport is allowed behind closed doors, along with amateur sport under guidelines
  • Shopping centres, cafes and restaurants are due to reopen on 11 May with social distancing guidelines
  • Social gatherings are limited to 10 people
  • Borders remain shut
  • Phase 3 starts on 8 June and covers museums, cinemas, zoos, indoor sports and colleges
  • Phase 4 in early August will include gyms, swimming pools and nightclubs

Spain: Schools to remain shut until September

Spain outlined a four-stage plan on 4 May to start rolling back one of the strictest lockdowns in Europe, which saw children under 14 confined to their homes for six weeks. Restrictions will be eased in two week blocks until 10 June, subject to review if cases spike.

  • Schools will be partially reopened from 26 May. This will allow for revision classes and state exams but a full reopening is not expected until September
  • From 11 May, customers can order a beer in a terrace bar but bars and restaurants will not fully reopen until 10 June, adhering to strict social distancing guidelines and only at 50% capacity
  • Cinemas, theatres and exhibitions will be allowed to open from 26 May, but will only be allowed to operate at 30% capacity. Outdoor concerts of up to 400 people will be permitted if concert-goers remain at a safe distance from each other
  • Churches and mosques will be allowed to reopen from 11 May, but only at partial capacity

Italy: Funeral gatherings now permitted

Italy imposed a strict and lengthy lockdown, with a ban on walking or exercising more than 200m away from home. In early May, some restrictions were relaxed and people are now able to travel for longer distances, as well as visit their relatives in small numbers. Visits to other regions of the country are still banned.

  • Bars and restaurants, which can offer takeaway services, are expected to fully reopen for dine-in service from 1 June
  • Hairdressers and beauty salons are due to reopen from 1 June
  • More shops will reopen on 18 May along with museums and libraries
  • Sports teams will also be able to hold group training from 18 May
  • Funerals are now allowed with a maximum of 15 people attending, ideally outdoors
  • Schools will not reopen until September
  • The Catholic Church will be allowed to hold masses from 18 May

Greece: Tourism central to re-opening plan

Greece recorded its first Covid-19 case on 26 February and the government acted swiftly to impose a lockdown. On 28 April, Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis announced a relaxation of lockdown measures in the weeks ahead.

  • Churches opened for individual prayer on 4 May and religious services will be allowed from 17 May
  • Schools are due to reopen on 11 May for final year students, with special measures including students attending classes on different days
  • Shops are to reopen on 11 May and indoor shopping centres on 1 June
  • Cafes and restaurants will be allowed to open on 1 June, but only with outdoor seating and clear distance between chairs

Greek scientists are working on rules on cleaning, social distancing and testing to open the country to tourists this summer. Beaches re-opened on 4 May.

Poland: Parks and forests first to reopen

In Poland, Covid-19 numbers are lower than in many Western European countries – 15,000 confirmed infections and more than 700 deaths, according to America’s Johns Hopkins University. It began lifting restrictions on 20 April, when parks and forests were allowed to reopen.

  • Hotels, shops, shopping centres, museums and galleries reopened on 4 May, with one customer per 15 sq m of space allowed
  • Nurseries were given the option to reopen from 6 May
  • Face coverings in public will remain obligatory until a vaccine is available.

Sweden: Strict restrictions never imposed

Strictly speaking, there was no real lockdown so Sweden does not have much to remove. It never imposed measures like those seen across the rest of the continent.

  • Restaurantsbarsschools and businesses remained opened. But it did ban gatherings of more than 50 people and visits to nursing homes for elderly
  • Sweden has recorded over 3,000 deaths, the highest per capita number compared with the rest of the Nordic countries
  • Most of the population have taken to voluntary social distancing. many are working from home, keeping at least a metre away from other people at least some of the time and refraining from travelling.

Russia: Not ready to lift lockdown

Unlike other European countries, Russia’s outbreak is yet to peak and at least 10,000 new infections were reported daily last week. There will be no end to the lockdown just yet.

  • President Vladimir Putin has left it to local governors to decide on the best policy
  • Moscow, as the worst-hit city, has imposed the most stringent set of restrictions which will continue until at least 31 May
  • From 12 May it will be compulsory to wear gloves and masks in shops and on public transport in Moscow
  • Only food shops and pharmacies are open. Moscow mayor Sergey Sobyanin says it is too early to open non-essential shops and shopping centres
  • Schools are shut and many people are working from home. There is currently no plan in place as to how to re-open them. Travel within Moscow and also between cities is discouraged. Many cities have police cordons and only those with residential registration are allowed in.

 

Germany infection rate rises as lockdown eases

Coronavirus infections are rising in Germany, official data shows, just days after the country eased its lockdown restrictions.

According to the Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Germany’s reproduction rate – the number of people each confirmed patient infects – is now above 1.

This means the number of infections is now rising in the country.

The report came as thousands of Germans gathered on Saturday calling for a total end to the lockdown.

Chancellor Angela Merkel announced a broad relaxation of national restrictions on Wednesday after talks with the leaders of Germany’s 16 states.

All shops are allowed to reopen, pupils will gradually return to class and the Bundesliga – Germany’s top football league – will restart as soon as next weekend.

But there were protests across the country on Saturday, as some called for measures to be lifted even quicker.

Germany has the seventh-highest number of confirmed cases in the world, with latest RKI data on Sunday showing the reported infected tally at 169,218 and a reported death toll of 7,395.

What did the report say?

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The report from the public health agency released on Saturday said the reproduction rate was estimated at 1.1.

While this estimate involves “a degree of uncertainty”, the rise in the number requires “a close monitoring of the situation in the coming days”.

Germany has won praise for its response to the outbreak. Mass testing and effective lockdown restrictions have helped keep the death toll far lower than in other European countries.

But some have criticised Mrs Merkel’s decision to relax those measures after speaking with the heads of the 16 states on Wednesday.

The chancellor imposed an “emergency brake”, requiring local authorities to reimpose restrictions if cases rise above a threshold of 50 per 100,000 people.

Outbreaks at meat processing plants in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein have already reportedly breached that line, and forced district officials to act.

And one district in the state of Thuringia reportedly recorded more than 80 infections per 100,000 people, thought to be due to outbreaks at care facilities.

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